[NIFL-4EFF:2909] Misunderstandings about Reading T. Sticht

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Happy New Year to All. We begin the year with an interesting message from Tom 
Sticht, in which he states that the essential components of reading as 
defined by the US DOE are not really components at all.  See how he defines fluency, 
comprehension, vocabulary. See how he takes on the "old bromide" *First we 
learn to read, then we read to learn. *

We will welcome comments.

All the Best,

Meta Potts, Moderator 4-EFF list



Some Misunderstandings About Reading        January 4, 2005

Tom Sticht
International Consultant in Adult Education

The U. S. Education Departments web page for Reading First states "Reading 
First will provide funds to train teachers in the essential components of 
reading (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension)… ,"
http://www.ed.gov/programs/readingfirst/applicant.html

This seems to me to contain certain misunderstandings about reading which I 
have summarized below, along with some other misunderstandings that I have seen 
in the literature on reading.

Misunderstanding #1: Fluency is one of "the essential components of reading" 
that include alphabetics (phonemics, phonics), fluency, vocabulary, 
comprehension.

Correction:  "fluency" is not a "component" of anything. Rather it is the 
quality of a performance. In reading it refers to reading that is executed 
without a lot of mistakes, not in a slow, halting, recursive manner but rather in a 
regular left to right, progressive moving, fairly rapid (around 200-250 words 
per minute) manner when reading materials of some
familiarity.

Misunderstanding #2: Vocabulary is one of "the essential components of 
reading" that include alphabetics (phonemics, phonics), fluency, vocabulary, 
comprehension.

Correction: Vocabulary is a component of language, not listening or reading, 
though it can be acquired using either of these information pickup processes.

Misunderstanding #3: Comprehension is one of "the essential components of 
reading" that include alphabetics (phonemics, phonics), fluency, vocabulary, 
comprehension.

Correction: Comprehension precedes reading and directs the reading process, 
not the other way around. Listening to speech is one way to comprehend 
language, reading graphic symbols is another. Children typically learn to comprehend 
by listening to speech before they learn to comprehend by reading. 
Comprehension is what the reader tries to achieve,
but comprehension is not a component of reading, it is both a precursor to 
and a result of reading.

Misunderstanding #4: Listening and reading are the same language processes.

Correction: Listening and reading are both information pickup processes which 
may be used to construct language, but they are not language and they are not 
the same. You can do one in the dark, the other in a noisy room, but neither 
in a dark, noisy room. Languaging can be accomplished using tactual 
information pickup processes, too.

Misunderstanding #5: "First you learn to read, then you read to learn."

Correction: Despite the widespread use of this old bromide, you always read 
to learn. Even when learning to read, one looks at the graphic displays and 
tries to learn (i.e., "read") them as symbols. First you read to learn to read 
graphic information as symbols then you read to learn some other new information 
forming new ideas expressed in graphic symbols.

Misunderstanding #6: We can teach reading skills to children and adults.

Correction: We cannot teach "skills." We can teach knowledge but skill must 
be developed through practice. We can coach for skill, and we can model 
skillful performance, but we cannot teach skill. When we teach phonics we are 
teaching knowledge of sight-sound correspondences, not decoding skill. The latter can 
only be developed through practice.

Thomas G. Sticht
International Consultant in Adult Education
2062 Valley View Blvd.
El Cajon, CA 92019-2059
Tel/fax: (619) 444-9133
Email: tsticht@azznet.net



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